WEBVTT

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I think investing in healthy food,

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it's the best way to be sure that we can prosper as a society with less healthy problems and also regenerating the ecosystems.

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Sometimes there is like ecosystem protection and the farming ecosystem.

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And if you are farming,

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it looks like you cannot protect the ecosystem.

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And if you protect the ecosystem,

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it looks like you cannot produce food.

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But no,

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you can do both things.

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Welcome back to the Deep Seed.

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podcast.

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This week I am traveling to Catalonia in Spain to meet with Sergi Caballero who is the lead farmer at Masles Vines.

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He takes me on a comprehensive tour of his farm and he really takes his time to explain how every different part of this beautiful complex farm ecosystem work together.

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I have to say that walking through this farm I felt like this is it,

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this is what farming should look like.

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this is what it should feel like.

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It's beautiful,

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it's colorful,

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it's vibrant,

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full of life,

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full of diversity,

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and it just feels good.

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Also,

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Sergi is such a fountain of regenerative knowledge,

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and there's so much valuable information shared in this episode.

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It was originally created as a video documentary format on YouTube,

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and if you can,

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I definitely recommend watching this episode on YouTube.

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but

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If that's not available to you right now,

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don't worry.

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I've adapted the episode to make sure you can follow everything and understand everything right here in audio format.

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This episode was made in partnership with Soil Capital.

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I am your host,

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Rafael,

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and this is the Deep Seed Podcast.

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My name is Sergi Caballero,

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and I've been farming here at Maslas Viñas.

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Since 12 years ago,

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this is a cooperative boat farm,

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and we are living actually here 12 persons.

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For us,

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the climate is a really hard thing because we can move from 12 below zero to 40 degrees in the summer.

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And also we have a wide range of humidity season.

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It means that we can go from 400 liters a year to more than 1,000 some years,

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but the average is about 600.

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We are producing vegetables,

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also eggs,

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we are having lamb meat,

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honey,

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a lot of fruit,

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and also we grow a couple of pigs only for ourselves.

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Here there is a lot of pigs industry,

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so we wanted to create a system,

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a model,

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that could be based on biodiversity,

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not only relying on one product like the pigs'

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meat.

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We are actually farming like 25 hectares.

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that are from our property.

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And then we are farming also like 20,

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30 hectares of forest from the neighbors that they allow us to use them for our goat,

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sheep or in the future,

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I hope some cows also.

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At the very beginning,

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what made you go in the direction of,

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you know,

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this nature inclusive,

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complex ecosystem type of farming rather than go for high production,

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high profit kind of systems?

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Well,

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in my past,

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I used to work with some kind of big companies.

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And then once

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I became a father,

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I realized that

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I was putting a lot of energy in the world that I didn't want for my child.

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So when I decided to start growing food,

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because also my grandfathers,

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two of them were farmers.

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One was a goat farmer and the other was a vegetable farmer.

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And then I realized that

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I wanted to continue this work,

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but of course I didn't want to work as a big...

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companies and then as engineer I realized that the importance of the ecosystem that is creating energy through the natural patterns so it means that we have to invest in different things like fruit trees with cereals with vegetable production with animal and with you

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know with different kind of things so do you do you think we need to change the global food system

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Yeah,

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often we are asked like,

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yeah,

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but this kind of food production,

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do you think that we can really feed the world with this kind of production?

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I'm not sure,

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but what I'm truly sure about is that the actual system cannot produce enough food in the future because the soils are really getting bad.

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They're getting lost.

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We have more and more pests.

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We have really high problems with nutritional density food.

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So there's a lot of problems with the actual system.

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So

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I think that at least we should try because the actual system is not gonna take so much.

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Yeah,

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okay.

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Okay,

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now that everybody's introduced,

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we can start the farm tour.

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The first place we stop is at the nursery to talk about seed saving and plant genetics.

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Yeah,

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as a vegetables production,

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we need to take care about our seeds.

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And we have realized that the

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or really harvested seeds from the farm that it's been more than

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17 years,

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they really grow better than the ones that you can buy.

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We really understand that trying to get the best from your plants,

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it starts from the end of the previous cycle.

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So we have to identify the plants are growing better and then we can keep the seeds for the next year.

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Here in this greenhouse we can create like,

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where we plant about

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5,000 seedlings every year and we grow them and then we can bring to the gardening zones.

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Okay so every year of the past 17 years you've been selecting the seeds from your best plants.

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Yeah.

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And then like reusing and doing the same thing over and over every year so that you end up with the seeds that are very very specifically adapted to this ecosystem here right?

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Yeah we are used to to save our own seats.

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to take the most from our genetics,

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from our plants.

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Yeah.

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And let's use our adaptation because,

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for example,

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we use really less water than most of the farmers.

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So it means that we need to them to be adapted on our growing conditions.

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And also regarding the pests,

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that one can survive more to the fungi or the pests,

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the ones that are going to work better in the future.

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Yeah.

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Okay.

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For me,

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also this connects me with

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all the previous generation that have done the same.

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Yeah.

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Because if we rely our vegetables production in the big companies that also are making like organic seeds for big growing producers,

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we are disconnected.

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So the future for the future generations,

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if they want to have their own seeds,

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we cannot stop doing this small but continuous work.

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Yeah.

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We need to go on with that.

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Yeah.

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Do you sell these to local farmers?

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Yeah,

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sometimes we sell these to local farmers.

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Yeah.

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And it's impressive because we also do this soil,

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I'm going to show you now,

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with coffee and tea.

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Okay,

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we create this kind of amazing soil based on our coffee and tea that we grow them with warm compost and then we can have,

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also we have some studies,

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we bought some

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amazing soil that you can buy from big companies.

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And we grow different kinds of vegetables with our own soil and with both soils.

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And with our own soil,

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the plants grow more than the double than the others.

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And so we make pictures of this and we wrote this on our website to show them,

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the people,

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that we need also to create like...

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Yeah,

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everything starts from the soil,

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also from the seedlings.

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We walk.

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just around the corner to arrive at the spot where

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Sergi creates this amazing worm compost that he just told us about.

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Yeah,

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this is only coffee and fruit and some straw,

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but you can realize how amazing this soil is.

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And this is full of bacteria because the worms eat the bacteria that decompose organic matter.

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And with this,

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we can get this amazing worm compost when it's done.

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It's amazing.

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It's a totally insane soil.

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I think that we cannot pay for the cost of this soil,

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but we are producing with waste.

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Even we harvest some...

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coffee from some restaurants,

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from local restaurants that we can bring here and to convert it to our soil.

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And so you only use your own compost?

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Yes,

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absolutely.

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Okay,

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so nothing comes from outside of the farm,

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right?

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We use also the wood chips from the carpenters from the region.

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But to make compost and mulch?

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No,

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it's more about the grey water system and also about adding more carbon onto the humanure.

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Okay.

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Okay,

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but all the nutrition then it comes from the farm and it's cycled back into the farm.

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Yeah.

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Also,

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I think that in the future there will be some farms that will have some problems with fertility.

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Yeah.

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Also,

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a lot of people are thinking about water,

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but

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I think that people should invest in adding some kind of animals in their farms so they know where the organic matter comes from,

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especially with animals that have...

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not been treated with a lot of antibiotics.

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And I think it's really,

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really important to create a good fertility into your soils.

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Yeah,

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okay.

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Also,

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it's interesting because these kind of worms,

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they are local ones,

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and they start,

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they are working here on the soil the first years that you stop tilling,

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okay?

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And you will see there on the farm,

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on the field,

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that they are working here like that,

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on that direction,

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horizontally.

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But when you are like six,

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seven,

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eight years without tilling,

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Then you will have another kind of worm,

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that they are bigger and they just move up to down,

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up to down,

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and they're different.

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So when you also pay attention to the kind of worms that you have,

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you also can learn the proper steps that you have to make for the next seasons.

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Now I need to clean my hands.

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After this,

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we walk for a couple of minutes through a beautiful path full of flowers and trees and herbs.

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and we arrive at the bottom of the property where a...

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keyline orchard design was planted just a few years ago as soon as we get there sergi kneels on the ground and he digs up a piece of soil to show me all of the worms in there and he starts talking about soil health and about how he designed this ecosystem you

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see the worms yeah you see the worms everywhere yeah um just wanted to share that when we arrive here the soil is

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too much compacted.

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We couldn't even dig a hole for planting trees.

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It was really hard.

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And it was like 1.3%

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of organic matter.

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In biology terms,

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it means that this soil is going to the desertification and it's a process that the nature itself cannot recover.

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It needs like external energy.

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How?

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Through animals,

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through plants,

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through seeding plants.

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So in these fields,

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Using our sheep,

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we have grown up to 40%

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of organic matter.

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Just moving the sheep around here,

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also the pigs,

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also the hens and the chickens.

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And all of them also allow us to move from

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400 grams of grass per square meter to up to 4 kilos of grass per square meter.

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Now you've seen this and it's quite short,

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but it's been pastured like two weeks ago.

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It's more than one meter when it's tall.

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Now it's going to recover.

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So we are creating a lot of fertility between the symbiosis through animals and the grasses,

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and also the trees.

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The trees also help a lot to infiltrate the water slowly.

265
00:12:26.063 --> 00:12:33.665
They create a lot of carbon and they get advantage of the excess of nitrogen to convert it into fruit.

266
00:12:34.462 --> 00:12:35.884
We have different kinds of fruit trees here.

267
00:12:36.493 --> 00:12:39.290
Here we're growing a lot of apricots,

268
00:12:39.399 --> 00:12:39.790
figs,

269
00:12:40.087 --> 00:12:40.555
cherries,

270
00:12:40.649 --> 00:12:41.134
plums.

271
00:12:41.358 --> 00:12:41.858
apples,

272
00:12:41.978 --> 00:12:42.438
pears,

273
00:12:43.039 --> 00:12:43.559
walnuts,

274
00:12:43.639 --> 00:12:44.299
hazelnuts,

275
00:12:44.479 --> 00:12:45.098
pecan nuts,

276
00:12:45.958 --> 00:12:46.520
almonds,

277
00:12:47.258 --> 00:12:48.239
well you see many.

278
00:12:50.841 --> 00:12:56.903
And we are based on diversifying our production because there are some years that because of the frozen times,

279
00:12:57.098 --> 00:12:59.637
maybe late frost or early frost,

280
00:13:00.216 --> 00:13:03.387
we could lose part of the production.

281
00:13:03.841 --> 00:13:06.059
So we can harvest some apricots in

282
00:13:06.747 --> 00:13:10.825
June and the others we can finally harvest them on the beginning of

283
00:13:11.026 --> 00:13:11.366
August,

284
00:13:11.707 --> 00:13:15.891
so it's a wide range of possibilities for us to harvest the same fruit apricot.

285
00:13:16.071 --> 00:13:18.133
Different varieties but the same tree.

286
00:13:19.754 --> 00:13:20.918
Here we planted like

287
00:13:21.278 --> 00:13:24.356
40 different varieties the first year that we arrived here.

288
00:13:24.957 --> 00:13:29.176
Once we have the key line design applied we can start planting the trees.

289
00:13:30.129 --> 00:13:38.145
We wait like two or three years to discover which one of these trees we're growing better with less pest and with a better fruit.

290
00:13:39.506 --> 00:13:46.048
From those we select the ones that we prefer and then we have planted more and now it's about 400 fruit trees that we are having.

291
00:13:46.989 --> 00:13:51.271
We're harvesting from 20 to 25 kilos of fruit for each fruit,

292
00:13:51.771 --> 00:13:58.638
for each tree and also we are adding new fruit trees like every year or new plants or something like this.

293
00:13:59.294 --> 00:14:06.997
The good thing is that the plantation was designed in time so it means that the first trees that you find are from the the June fruit.

294
00:14:07.354 --> 00:14:09.317
and then you move to July's zone,

295
00:14:09.657 --> 00:14:10.797
then you have the August,

296
00:14:10.878 --> 00:14:11.337
September,

297
00:14:11.438 --> 00:14:11.778
October,

298
00:14:11.837 --> 00:14:14.641
and then on the north you have the November place.

299
00:14:15.262 --> 00:14:18.008
So you can find some apples from

300
00:14:18.547 --> 00:14:20.485
July and also pears,

301
00:14:20.610 --> 00:14:23.110
and then you can find them some on November.

302
00:14:24.243 --> 00:14:28.571
And having this like year calendar production,

303
00:14:29.008 --> 00:14:31.430
it just allows us to move the animals.

304
00:14:31.743 --> 00:14:32.337
What does it mean?

305
00:14:32.618 --> 00:14:33.243
That for example,

306
00:14:33.524 --> 00:14:34.024
we know that

307
00:14:34.590 --> 00:14:36.673
When the trees start growing the fruit,

308
00:14:36.773 --> 00:14:37.913
we need to cut the grass,

309
00:14:38.314 --> 00:14:40.736
especially with sheep,

310
00:14:41.158 --> 00:14:43.017
with big animals for us.

311
00:14:43.478 --> 00:14:54.564
And then we get advantage like bringing here the chickens or the hens that can break the poo and make it easier to be into the soil.

312
00:14:55.329 --> 00:15:01.751
And the thing is that when we have the harvesting season that the sheep also come back here and they're eating,

313
00:15:02.642 --> 00:15:03.173
after the sheep.

314
00:15:04.114 --> 00:15:09.716
Humans came and we are harvesting the fruit and then we throw it into the soil,

315
00:15:09.857 --> 00:15:15.357
the ones that we don't want for making jams or to sell them fresh.

316
00:15:16.240 --> 00:15:22.240
And also the pigs or the hens or the chickens can take advantage of this bad fruit and they eat it.

317
00:15:22.521 --> 00:15:27.474
So also you don't have many pests because if you let the bad fruit on the soil,

318
00:15:27.787 --> 00:15:31.287
maybe the next year it will be worse for you because some larvae are going to stay there.

319
00:15:31.833 --> 00:15:32.865
So it allows us...

320
00:15:33.298 --> 00:15:39.385
also to have less pests because of the symbiosis between species that you have to remember that that's really legal.

321
00:15:41.107 --> 00:15:44.346
And also it's true that every kind of animal,

322
00:15:44.447 --> 00:15:45.392
every breed of animal,

323
00:15:45.908 --> 00:15:48.033
has a different proportion of nitrogen,

324
00:15:48.111 --> 00:15:52.517
phosphorus and potassium into their poo,

325
00:15:54.314 --> 00:15:55.642
and also different kind of minerals.

326
00:15:55.643 --> 00:15:56.267
So for example,

327
00:15:56.346 --> 00:15:58.721
omnivorous animals like us,

328
00:15:58.799 --> 00:16:02.767
but especially with pigs or with chickens or hens,

329
00:16:03.470 --> 00:16:05.610
who eat insects,

330
00:16:06.731 --> 00:16:13.774
these throw a lot of phosphorus into the soil and it's totally essential for the fruit trees to grow really good.

331
00:16:14.133 --> 00:16:15.391
So only with lamb,

332
00:16:15.953 --> 00:16:16.672
only with sheep,

333
00:16:16.836 --> 00:16:17.571
only with cow,

334
00:16:18.157 --> 00:16:24.930
this shouldn't work as better as this because every kind of animal brings us something to the grass.

335
00:16:25.477 --> 00:16:32.539
So that's the idea that the sheep can convert easily these grasses into nitrogen.

336
00:16:33.010 --> 00:16:40.218
But then the omnivorous animals like pigs or chickens will bring another kind of nitrogen,

337
00:16:40.456 --> 00:16:41.636
really fast nitrogen,

338
00:16:41.698 --> 00:16:43.479
but especially because of the phosphorus,

339
00:16:43.643 --> 00:16:45.104
which is something really interesting for us.

340
00:16:45.862 --> 00:16:46.042
Yeah,

341
00:16:46.620 --> 00:16:50.229
between the fruit trees row we add a lot of biodiversity.

342
00:16:50.308 --> 00:16:51.464
Here you have a side,

343
00:16:51.542 --> 00:16:53.058
it's full of insects.

344
00:16:53.651 --> 00:16:59.401
Also we add nitrogen fixing shrubs that can fix a lot of nitrogen there,

345
00:16:59.511 --> 00:16:59.792
here.

346
00:17:00.370 --> 00:17:00.901
Where is this shrub?

347
00:17:01.726 --> 00:17:03.128
This is a caragana arborescens,

348
00:17:03.268 --> 00:17:10.016
which is a nitrogen fixing brush that also produces a lot of really lovely flowers,

349
00:17:10.477 --> 00:17:13.555
but especially is good for the nitrogen.

350
00:17:13.938 --> 00:17:17.024
So we allow the sheep to eat those when they are blooming,

351
00:17:17.665 --> 00:17:21.665
because you know that they have a really good reservoir of nitrogen in their roots.

352
00:17:22.227 --> 00:17:26.915
And as they are eating the path and you are feeding the sheep,

353
00:17:27.712 --> 00:17:29.618
we're also feeding the trees on the ground.

354
00:17:29.993 --> 00:17:30.118
Oh,

355
00:17:30.274 --> 00:17:30.493
okay.

356
00:17:30.727 --> 00:17:30.852
Yeah.

357
00:17:31.830 --> 00:17:40.875
The key light design is a way to distribute the water properly so all the places in your fields get the same amount of water.

358
00:17:41.492 --> 00:17:46.156
It allows us to bring the water from the valleys to all the field,

359
00:17:46.195 --> 00:17:46.797
all the terrain,

360
00:17:47.234 --> 00:17:49.953
so everything is being properly watered.

361
00:17:50.312 --> 00:17:55.188
So it means that we have some lines that like the master ones,

362
00:17:55.219 --> 00:17:57.531
the ones that you can make parallel to them,

363
00:17:58.312 --> 00:18:00.953
that distribute the water from the ballast to the

364
00:18:01.458 --> 00:18:03.400
to the right and the left.

365
00:18:04.340 --> 00:18:20.402
When you have a lot of water it can be stored here in the soil that it's like an horizontal pond that goes around all the field to the end and goes there and it allows us that the water that is filled here can be slowly introduced into the soil.

366
00:18:20.856 --> 00:18:28.965
So also when you are designing your plantations you can plant on the right trees that demand more water than the ones that are on the left.

367
00:18:29.790 --> 00:18:29.991
Yes,

368
00:18:30.352 --> 00:18:34.748
this will have less water than those because once it drains and it's full,

369
00:18:35.229 --> 00:18:35.608
it's full.

370
00:18:36.350 --> 00:18:37.630
For the next weeks,

371
00:18:38.270 --> 00:18:40.270
the water is going to go slowly down.

372
00:18:41.192 --> 00:18:42.590
Also here you have a lot of humus.

373
00:18:43.110 --> 00:18:51.270
So it means that here also you will have more worms and more nitrogen for those plants that slowly can be going there.

374
00:18:51.629 --> 00:18:56.676
We have five meters on the trough.

375
00:18:57.614 --> 00:18:59.754
So it's another space to move the animals.

376
00:19:00.457 --> 00:19:05.911
I know that it's not the best for growing fruit because we cut...

377
00:19:06.126 --> 00:19:10.806
We could increase our incomes because of having close lines,

378
00:19:11.985 --> 00:19:14.767
but it allows us to add the animals easily.

379
00:19:15.431 --> 00:19:15.829
If not,

380
00:19:15.931 --> 00:19:16.806
it's really hard.

381
00:19:17.290 --> 00:19:17.446
Yeah,

382
00:19:17.447 --> 00:19:20.368
so you need those five meters at least to have enough space for the animals too.

383
00:19:20.790 --> 00:19:20.946
Yeah,

384
00:19:20.970 --> 00:19:24.126
we started from four sheep only and now we are above

385
00:19:24.704 --> 00:19:29.126
40-50, so now it's harder to manage them here.

386
00:19:30.188 --> 00:19:33.235
Since we were just talking about the integration of animals and sheep,

387
00:19:33.892 --> 00:19:35.517
it was only fitting that we would then

388
00:19:36.046 --> 00:19:41.691
walk to the other side of the property where a flock of maybe 40 or 50 sheep were grazing.

389
00:19:42.171 --> 00:19:42.734
And of course,

390
00:19:43.113 --> 00:19:49.238
Sergi takes the opportunity to give us more information about the role of sheep in his farming ecosystem.

391
00:19:49.800 --> 00:19:50.019
Well,

392
00:19:50.339 --> 00:19:54.667
I have to say that sheep are like the core of our project.

393
00:19:55.386 --> 00:19:57.980
I think that everything is related to the sheep.

394
00:19:58.886 --> 00:20:03.589
They bring us a lot of life here and they help us to regenerate this ecosystem.

395
00:20:04.018 --> 00:20:04.659
It was an old,

396
00:20:05.100 --> 00:20:05.900
abandoned farm,

397
00:20:05.961 --> 00:20:06.141
well,

398
00:20:07.141 --> 00:20:07.980
really badly treated.

399
00:20:08.723 --> 00:20:14.309
And because of them we have increased our fertility and our biodiversity.

400
00:20:15.746 --> 00:20:18.652
We manage them in a regenerative way.

401
00:20:18.855 --> 00:20:22.980
It means that we change them two times a day,

402
00:20:23.277 --> 00:20:23.855
twice a day.

403
00:20:24.699 --> 00:20:33.184
And nine months through the year they are only outside and they are going to sleep in the stable on the coldest months.

404
00:20:34.226 --> 00:20:37.028
So it means that they're pasturing all day,

405
00:20:37.188 --> 00:20:38.489
they are eating all the grass,

406
00:20:38.853 --> 00:20:40.290
they are fed only with that.

407
00:20:40.954 --> 00:20:49.040
And we discovered that we need to move them two times a day because of their sugar peak during the day.

408
00:20:49.884 --> 00:20:51.126
So for us,

409
00:20:51.188 --> 00:20:55.782
it's been an important knowledge and something that we have discovered.

410
00:20:56.907 --> 00:20:57.282
Actually,

411
00:20:57.610 --> 00:20:57.735
yeah,

412
00:20:57.767 --> 00:21:00.126
we started from four and we have been selecting the...

413
00:21:01.198 --> 00:21:16.974
been selecting the the breed so we can have the ones that we prefer the most and now actually they're eating grass here in a new field where we have introduced it also through key line pecan nuts and see

414
00:21:17.169 --> 00:21:30.122
apple cedar trees we are so optimistic that we have planted these trees not for us it's for the next generation you know uh you have to be really uh optimistic to to plan yeah

415
00:21:30.746 --> 00:21:34.190
walnuts or pecan nuts or even these kind of apples.

416
00:21:35.091 --> 00:21:36.391
So it's for the next generation.

417
00:21:37.634 --> 00:21:37.954
Also,

418
00:21:38.235 --> 00:21:40.575
sometimes as we have time,

419
00:21:40.599 --> 00:21:45.544
we really love to go and pasture with them to places where we can add these fences.

420
00:21:46.263 --> 00:21:52.411
So it means that we can go next to the river in a really close places where there's a lot of vegetation.

421
00:21:53.224 --> 00:21:53.505
Also,

422
00:21:53.645 --> 00:21:56.427
you will find that some things like,

423
00:21:56.880 --> 00:21:59.739
also we don't need to remove like the...

424
00:21:59.926 --> 00:22:02.629
old ones because they are not more productive.

425
00:22:03.269 --> 00:22:10.740
We can let them here to stay and to finish their cycle because they are only eating grass so it's not a cost for us.

426
00:22:12.482 --> 00:22:14.560
We grow our food for the winter,

427
00:22:14.764 --> 00:22:15.662
our grass.

428
00:22:15.967 --> 00:22:23.107
We have some fields that we manage with the tractor and then we cut the grass and save it for the winter season,

429
00:22:23.654 --> 00:22:24.357
which is important.

430
00:22:24.826 --> 00:22:26.857
You need to harvest grass for

431
00:22:27.454 --> 00:22:45.015
because at times that you have less food on into the fields okay yeah once again sergi goes to the floor and uses his knife to dig up a bit of soil to show me how healthy and full of life this soil is and

432
00:22:45.390 --> 00:22:56.640
he makes a really really good point about the positive impact of grazing animals on biodiversity especially that biodiversity in the soil and on the soil and everywhere around the the farm.

433
00:22:57.522 --> 00:23:05.930
The good thing about creating good soil is that you have to take care about the kind of holes that you have because these holes,

434
00:23:05.953 --> 00:23:06.594
these galleries,

435
00:23:07.055 --> 00:23:09.672
is where the worms are living through.

436
00:23:10.391 --> 00:23:16.453
And also when you take some sample you should find different kind of life here just working.

437
00:23:17.188 --> 00:23:23.563
And often we think that like cereals or legumes are like more sustainable,

438
00:23:24.203 --> 00:23:24.875
but that's not true.

439
00:23:25.418 --> 00:23:31.603
The really thing that I'm impressed about is that I take samples from any part of my farm and I can see worms.

440
00:23:31.783 --> 00:23:32.005
Why?

441
00:23:32.607 --> 00:23:36.025
Because when you have organic residues,

442
00:23:37.011 --> 00:23:38.513
cattle working there,

443
00:23:38.972 --> 00:23:39.734
just pasturing,

444
00:23:40.112 --> 00:23:40.933
you can have like

445
00:23:41.573 --> 00:23:44.636
1.5 million worms for each hectare.

446
00:23:45.097 --> 00:23:50.542
And it's around three tons of worm waste under the soil.

447
00:23:51.245 --> 00:23:54.112
When you have a monoculture field,

448
00:23:54.206 --> 00:23:54.987
you can have about

449
00:23:55.487 --> 00:23:58.800
50,000 worms per hectare.

450
00:23:59.331 --> 00:24:03.534
So it's a lot more when you're working with cattle.

451
00:24:04.112 --> 00:24:05.378
And when people think that

452
00:24:06.230 --> 00:24:07.632
We should take care of the animals,

453
00:24:07.792 --> 00:24:16.440
also it's taking care of the worms and the beetles and the spiders and the ants and all this life that it's creating the fertility for the future.

454
00:24:17.081 --> 00:24:17.682
So yeah,

455
00:24:17.839 --> 00:24:18.081
also,

456
00:24:18.542 --> 00:24:18.682
yeah.

457
00:24:19.542 --> 00:24:25.573
So we usually take samples from our soils like every two years to see where we are.

458
00:24:26.823 --> 00:24:33.636
Walking around this farm almost feels like a treasure hunt because there are so many different ecosystems.

459
00:24:33.934 --> 00:24:35.917
with different types of farming systems,

460
00:24:35.956 --> 00:24:36.776
different animals,

461
00:24:36.817 --> 00:24:38.077
different types of plants.

462
00:24:38.460 --> 00:24:39.718
So everywhere you go,

463
00:24:39.839 --> 00:24:41.183
you just discover something new.

464
00:24:41.319 --> 00:24:42.319
It's so much fun.

465
00:24:43.022 --> 00:24:49.046
So now we arrive at a different spot of the farm where the chicken house has been parked for the time being.

466
00:24:49.710 --> 00:24:54.171
And we talk about the role of chickens here and how they're integrated in the rotation.

467
00:24:54.952 --> 00:24:55.108
Yeah,

468
00:24:55.640 --> 00:24:59.858
chickens and hens are a really good way to create food.

469
00:25:00.538 --> 00:25:17.445
and to take advantages of the grass and the thing is that we move them through the fruit tree system so every five to seven days we move their house which is made from materials that the agriculture department allow us to do that and

470
00:25:17.446 --> 00:25:28.726
we move this with our van and then just move some meters and then we prepare another fence and for the next seven days ten they will be here just scratching,

471
00:25:29.304 --> 00:25:29.601
eating.

472
00:25:30.006 --> 00:25:30.326
worms,

473
00:25:30.386 --> 00:25:32.109
slugs and everything they find.

474
00:25:33.090 --> 00:25:37.293
That's amazing because usually also when the government came here,

475
00:25:37.294 --> 00:25:37.535
they say,

476
00:25:37.715 --> 00:25:37.855
Oh,

477
00:25:37.894 --> 00:25:40.718
but the chickens really don't love the grass.

478
00:25:40.719 --> 00:25:42.656
They prefer the grains.

479
00:25:42.820 --> 00:25:43.140
And I said,

480
00:25:43.156 --> 00:25:43.281
OK,

481
00:25:43.398 --> 00:25:44.203
let's make a trust.

482
00:25:44.640 --> 00:25:47.625
And then at the same time that we were adding new grain,

483
00:25:47.937 --> 00:25:49.187
we just moved the fence.

484
00:25:49.828 --> 00:25:54.968
And you can imagine that all of them just ran through the grass to find new insects and things.

485
00:25:55.593 --> 00:25:57.968
And they forgot totally about the grain.

486
00:25:58.078 --> 00:25:59.297
They were not really interested.

487
00:26:00.178 --> 00:26:08.148
But it's also a really good way of having like healthy food because the eggs coming from pasture,

488
00:26:10.070 --> 00:26:12.047
pasture birds,

489
00:26:12.633 --> 00:26:14.750
they have like omega-3 and omega-6,

490
00:26:16.500 --> 00:26:21.140
which are really absolutely necessary for the human body.

491
00:26:21.875 --> 00:26:24.875
And you can only have this if your animals have grass.

492
00:26:25.609 --> 00:26:26.062
And again,

493
00:26:26.937 --> 00:26:28.812
we should let the animals to the animals.

494
00:26:30.030 --> 00:26:31.892
it seems like unbelievable,

495
00:26:31.952 --> 00:26:41.062
but there are many animals that don't see the light in all their life until the day they are on the track to go to the slothery,

496
00:26:41.804 --> 00:26:42.585
to be killed.

497
00:26:43.304 --> 00:26:48.906
So the animals need to have sunlight also for their body as we need.

498
00:26:49.343 --> 00:26:55.952
It's not healthy to eat something or some animal that eats all their life in a cage.

499
00:26:56.281 --> 00:26:56.937
That's not healthy.

500
00:26:57.437 --> 00:26:58.202
We need sun

501
00:26:59.111 --> 00:26:59.977
to help these animals,

502
00:27:00.137 --> 00:27:00.600
yeah of course.

503
00:27:01.520 --> 00:27:05.224
We are charging the same price for our food than a conventional,

504
00:27:05.383 --> 00:27:06.183
not the ecological.

505
00:27:06.687 --> 00:27:19.570
We're selling our eggs or the lamb or the vegetables for a conventional price because we can afford it because we don't have many expenses of this kind of production system.

506
00:27:19.992 --> 00:27:20.539
This is one thing.

507
00:27:20.554 --> 00:27:28.273
But the second thing is that a lot of our customers say that the taste of the food that we are buying from us,

508
00:27:29.726 --> 00:27:30.523
it looks like they're

509
00:27:30.824 --> 00:27:34.424
grandfather and grandmother food that they bring to the table.

510
00:27:34.764 --> 00:27:35.123
For example,

511
00:27:35.225 --> 00:27:36.084
I was really impressed,

512
00:27:36.104 --> 00:27:36.307
like,

513
00:27:36.784 --> 00:27:37.127
you know,

514
00:27:37.725 --> 00:27:39.483
sharing amazing cauliflowers,

515
00:27:39.506 --> 00:27:40.428
amazing tomatoes,

516
00:27:40.928 --> 00:27:44.209
and the people was absolutely in love with lettuce.

517
00:27:44.748 --> 00:27:45.045
They say,

518
00:27:45.209 --> 00:27:45.491
wow,

519
00:27:45.545 --> 00:27:46.389
that's a lettuce,

520
00:27:46.811 --> 00:27:48.561
that it tastes like a lettuce.

521
00:27:48.873 --> 00:27:51.748
But you have to think that growing a lettuce from a seed,

522
00:27:51.842 --> 00:27:54.373
it could take you like about 100 days,

523
00:27:54.545 --> 00:27:55.389
120,

524
00:27:56.233 --> 00:28:00.436
but the most of the lettuce that you are eating on the supermarket

525
00:28:00.852 --> 00:28:06.376
Usually it's made in a hydroponic system that it's ready in only 30 days.

526
00:28:06.997 --> 00:28:18.790
So instead of growing things in 30 days you are having like about three or four months that it takes more time to grow but also more time to harvest nutrients and put it onto their leaves.

527
00:28:19.696 --> 00:28:25.399
But that's incredible you're able to sell your produce at a competitive price compared to conventional.

528
00:28:26.274 --> 00:28:30.462
Despite having a far superior product objectively.

529
00:28:30.604 --> 00:28:30.844
you know,

530
00:28:32.044 --> 00:28:32.485
quality,

531
00:28:32.624 --> 00:28:32.905
taste,

532
00:28:32.924 --> 00:28:33.405
nutrition,

533
00:28:33.504 --> 00:28:40.206
and not to even mention all of the ecosystem services that the production system brings.

534
00:28:40.924 --> 00:28:41.987
So that's quite incredible.

535
00:28:42.424 --> 00:28:42.588
Yeah,

536
00:28:42.690 --> 00:28:43.065
and also,

537
00:28:43.409 --> 00:28:44.065
for example,

538
00:28:44.307 --> 00:28:47.948
we quit with expenses that are not adding value,

539
00:28:48.104 --> 00:28:48.463
like,

540
00:28:48.713 --> 00:28:49.151
I don't know,

541
00:28:49.229 --> 00:28:49.448
like,

542
00:28:49.495 --> 00:28:50.151
for example,

543
00:28:52.791 --> 00:28:52.932
yeah,

544
00:28:53.088 --> 00:28:54.854
like having an organic label,

545
00:28:55.276 --> 00:28:55.870
we don't need it.

546
00:28:56.370 --> 00:28:58.276
All the customers know our job,

547
00:28:58.557 --> 00:28:58.666
they

548
00:28:58.872 --> 00:29:15.093
can come here to our farm and they can see so we are not going to pay for a label because our customers don't believe in that so they just come here and they can see the quality of their food i think opening your doors is the biggest label that you can get also

549
00:29:15.171 --> 00:29:27.828
we don't give grain to our sheep so it reduces a lot our grazing costs because they are only getting grass from the free soil

550
00:29:28.496 --> 00:29:29.417
Yeah.

551
00:29:30.058 --> 00:29:33.080
That's why we can sell for a competitive price.

552
00:29:33.599 --> 00:29:34.642
Because otherwise here,

553
00:29:34.962 --> 00:29:35.685
in that region,

554
00:29:36.025 --> 00:29:36.841
a rural region,

555
00:29:36.880 --> 00:29:41.709
the people are not going to pay for this added value.

556
00:29:42.232 --> 00:29:46.537
They think that everything that is growing in nature is organic,

557
00:29:47.318 --> 00:29:47.615
you know?

558
00:29:48.240 --> 00:29:48.802
They can see,

559
00:29:49.130 --> 00:29:50.959
they realize that this plant is growing.

560
00:29:51.818 --> 00:29:55.240
It's not really important if it's because of chemicals or because of manure,

561
00:29:56.162 --> 00:29:56.505
but

562
00:29:56.852 --> 00:30:01.433
They just know it because of the taste and the flavor of the food.

563
00:30:01.793 --> 00:30:01.914
Yeah.

564
00:30:02.293 --> 00:30:05.097
Do you also provide for any restaurants in the region?

565
00:30:05.777 --> 00:30:06.355
In the past,

566
00:30:06.472 --> 00:30:08.597
we provided for two restaurants.

567
00:30:09.855 --> 00:30:10.254
Actually,

568
00:30:10.855 --> 00:30:11.457
since June,

569
00:30:11.574 --> 00:30:18.058
we are going to go working a lot with a house for old people.

570
00:30:18.230 --> 00:30:18.683
I don't know if

571
00:30:19.090 --> 00:30:19.840
I say this properly,

572
00:30:20.433 --> 00:30:23.871
but all the food that they are going to prepare is going to come from here,

573
00:30:23.980 --> 00:30:24.558
from Las Viñas.

574
00:30:25.184 --> 00:30:25.324
Well,

575
00:30:25.504 --> 00:30:25.825
yeah,

576
00:30:25.845 --> 00:30:27.626
mostly of their vegetables or food.

577
00:30:27.886 --> 00:30:28.648
But that's fantastic.

578
00:30:28.908 --> 00:30:32.591
It's amazing to hear stories like that where the places like that,

579
00:30:32.611 --> 00:30:36.017
a retirement home or hospitals or children,

580
00:30:36.212 --> 00:30:39.080
like the school meals and places like that where you really,

581
00:30:39.158 --> 00:30:43.986
really want to prioritize high-quality nutrition and healthy diets.

582
00:30:44.798 --> 00:30:48.892
And also because of creating more symbiosis also through people,

583
00:30:49.564 --> 00:30:52.126
we are going to invite these people.

584
00:30:52.464 --> 00:30:53.784
to come here to do some work.

585
00:30:53.884 --> 00:30:54.084
Like,

586
00:30:54.145 --> 00:30:54.504
I don't know,

587
00:30:54.545 --> 00:30:56.885
like the day that you're planting or harvesting potatoes,

588
00:30:57.385 --> 00:30:59.904
the day that you are harvesting fruit one week with a lot of,

589
00:31:00.264 --> 00:31:00.526
you know,

590
00:31:00.604 --> 00:31:00.963
cherries,

591
00:31:01.026 --> 00:31:01.869
plums and apples,

592
00:31:02.408 --> 00:31:05.783
we are going to invite the old people to come here because most of them,

593
00:31:05.846 --> 00:31:06.947
they work into the farm,

594
00:31:07.510 --> 00:31:08.752
into the past when they were young.

595
00:31:09.190 --> 00:31:09.783
So also,

596
00:31:11.268 --> 00:31:13.830
inviting them to work with you is going to be amazing.

597
00:31:14.862 --> 00:31:15.049
Also,

598
00:31:15.096 --> 00:31:15.987
they can trust in you.

599
00:31:16.002 --> 00:31:18.236
They know everything that you are eating,

600
00:31:18.346 --> 00:31:19.471
where does it come from?

601
00:31:19.643 --> 00:31:21.486
I think this is one of the biggest

602
00:31:21.848 --> 00:31:38.549
privileges that you can have in your life yeah knowing where your food comes from totally yeah and as a farmer knowing the people who eat your food and also also yeah you can imagine the people you can imagine the people eating your yeah the things i think yeah that's an amazing point just

603
00:31:38.565 --> 00:31:50.096
a quick post to tell you about the official partner of the deep seed podcast and that's soil capital soil capital is a company that accelerates the transition to regenerative agriculture.

604
00:31:50.612 --> 00:31:55.566
by financially rewarding farmers who improve things like soil health and biodiversity.

605
00:31:56.367 --> 00:31:57.652
They're an amazing company.

606
00:31:57.730 --> 00:31:59.011
I really love what they're doing,

607
00:31:59.034 --> 00:32:02.261
and I'm super proud to be partnering with them for the podcast.

608
00:32:03.063 --> 00:32:09.210
I really love the diversity of the place and the different smells and colors and everything.

609
00:32:09.428 --> 00:32:10.569
It's such a beautiful,

610
00:32:11.413 --> 00:32:11.772
living,

611
00:32:11.889 --> 00:32:12.952
thriving ecosystem.

612
00:32:13.631 --> 00:32:17.335
But since you're building everything around adding complexity,

613
00:32:18.936 --> 00:32:20.655
how do you manage so much complexity?

614
00:32:21.295 --> 00:32:24.811
Do you need more people to be working to help with that?

615
00:32:24.827 --> 00:32:25.811
Do you have other solutions?

616
00:32:25.812 --> 00:32:26.780
What do you think about that?

617
00:32:27.139 --> 00:32:27.327
Yeah,

618
00:32:27.452 --> 00:32:28.030
that's a really,

619
00:32:28.155 --> 00:32:29.045
really good point.

620
00:32:29.624 --> 00:32:31.530
Like creating more biodiversity,

621
00:32:31.811 --> 00:32:32.264
it's also...

622
00:32:32.575 --> 00:32:33.716
to increase the maintenance.

623
00:32:34.197 --> 00:32:36.680
So we are all designing for our daily life,

624
00:32:36.879 --> 00:32:40.403
not for the energy that you need to create an ecosystem,

625
00:32:40.844 --> 00:32:42.383
it's because of the maintenance.

626
00:32:42.922 --> 00:32:43.907
So for example,

627
00:32:43.969 --> 00:32:51.914
we have designed our ecosystems that a lot of work can be done through the animals when they are not grown.

628
00:32:52.493 --> 00:32:53.289
So for example,

629
00:32:53.336 --> 00:32:57.243
these plants at the beginning we protect them from the animals but not now.

630
00:32:57.836 --> 00:32:58.586
We let them,

631
00:32:58.664 --> 00:32:59.196
the animals,

632
00:32:59.946 --> 00:33:01.024
to eat so

633
00:33:01.763 --> 00:33:05.367
It's a way of managing this vegetation.

634
00:33:05.867 --> 00:33:13.492
But also it's true that we are increasing our gardening zones or fruit tree zones in time.

635
00:33:13.977 --> 00:33:16.875
So that's why we introduce new species every year,

636
00:33:17.281 --> 00:33:17.945
new lines,

637
00:33:18.133 --> 00:33:18.867
new fruit lines,

638
00:33:19.508 --> 00:33:22.445
because the older ones are quite well established.

639
00:33:22.446 --> 00:33:23.617
So they don't need water,

640
00:33:24.149 --> 00:33:25.867
really less pruning because,

641
00:33:26.133 --> 00:33:26.367
you know,

642
00:33:26.664 --> 00:33:28.367
all the work has been done on the previous year.

643
00:33:29.711 --> 00:33:29.836
Yeah.

644
00:33:30.795 --> 00:33:31.835
But that's really important.

645
00:33:31.995 --> 00:33:38.035
This point is amazing because also you can create like a super complex ecosystem.

646
00:33:38.879 --> 00:33:40.996
And if you do this on the first year,

647
00:33:41.277 --> 00:33:43.754
then you are broke because there's a lot of work.

648
00:33:44.035 --> 00:33:44.676
It's really hard.

649
00:33:45.098 --> 00:33:48.699
So permaculture says slow and small solutions.

650
00:33:49.152 --> 00:33:52.856
It means start from small and go to big,

651
00:33:53.043 --> 00:33:53.746
but slowly.

652
00:33:54.887 --> 00:33:56.684
And how do you manage?

653
00:33:56.699 --> 00:33:58.824
Because you've been harvesting.

654
00:33:59.459 --> 00:34:02.903
a lot of different types of vegetables and fruits and herbs,

655
00:34:03.583 --> 00:34:06.485
spices and animal products,

656
00:34:06.567 --> 00:34:06.786
right?

657
00:34:06.787 --> 00:34:06.907
So,

658
00:34:07.008 --> 00:34:09.047
a really wide range of products.

659
00:34:09.891 --> 00:34:12.094
Where do you sell those products?

660
00:34:12.149 --> 00:34:13.516
How do you find markets for all of them?

661
00:34:13.852 --> 00:34:14.016
Yeah,

662
00:34:15.297 --> 00:34:15.743
different things.

663
00:34:15.868 --> 00:34:16.102
First,

664
00:34:16.258 --> 00:34:18.118
we are a work cooperative,

665
00:34:18.524 --> 00:34:24.243
so it means that every one of the cooperatives is in charge of different elements of systems.

666
00:34:24.649 --> 00:34:24.758
So,

667
00:34:24.836 --> 00:34:26.493
there is someone who's in charge of the ship,

668
00:34:26.868 --> 00:34:27.821
another from the

669
00:34:28.423 --> 00:34:32.587
South gardening and now from the north and east gardens,

670
00:34:33.048 --> 00:34:36.029
maybe another one from the fruit.

671
00:34:36.693 --> 00:34:41.036
So everyone has their elements and systems in their mind,

672
00:34:41.318 --> 00:34:42.896
but they do not work alone.

673
00:34:43.318 --> 00:34:50.388
So every Sunday we have a meeting with all the cooperatives and start about the tasks that we have to do these weeks.

674
00:34:50.919 --> 00:34:54.857
And we distribute them regarding the importance and the...

675
00:34:55.003 --> 00:35:12.126
urgency of each one and we all talk on monday how are we going to organize the week so we know when we have to bring the vegetables boxes to the customers we sell directly through customers also to different kind of shops small in

676
00:35:12.157 --> 00:35:16.829
our town shops and we sell everything around here

677
00:35:17.345 --> 00:35:17.782
But now,

678
00:35:17.845 --> 00:35:18.267
for example,

679
00:35:18.268 --> 00:35:24.548
we are selling too much lamb and around us people have enough lamb.

680
00:35:24.875 --> 00:35:42.275
So we have to take them far from the farm and we are using a cooperative distribution system which is called La Diligencia and we have to bring to one center of distribution and then they distribute it where we want it like close to Barcelona,

681
00:35:42.384 --> 00:35:51.806
close to Girona or different kind of towns they just bring there and we have a share cost with different kind of cost producers like pigs producers,

682
00:35:52.494 --> 00:35:53.478
cows producers,

683
00:35:53.978 --> 00:35:54.244
you know.

684
00:35:54.463 --> 00:36:13.035
everyone and we are all in a cooperative that we can do this this work yeah okay yeah i know a lot of farmers who have to invest a lot of their time just selling and distributing their products and i prefer to spend time here just with my plants and growing them and producing food so i

685
00:36:13.175 --> 00:36:22.410
can renounce of some of our incomes because just allowing the others to sell our products but in a

686
00:36:23.603 --> 00:36:24.704
In a small way.

687
00:36:26.086 --> 00:36:27.666
We don't work with big companies,

688
00:36:27.807 --> 00:36:30.971
we only work with social employees,

689
00:36:31.072 --> 00:36:31.947
with social companies.

690
00:36:34.713 --> 00:36:34.955
Okay,

691
00:36:35.213 --> 00:36:37.057
so for this next section,

692
00:36:37.158 --> 00:36:45.010
we walk around the farm and Sergi stops in a few places to speak about specific plants and their role in the ecosystem.

693
00:36:46.260 --> 00:36:48.229
It's a very visual section,

694
00:36:48.432 --> 00:36:52.791
but everything he says still makes sense in audio format and you should still be able to...

695
00:36:53.263 --> 00:36:55.987
get valuable information from that section.

696
00:36:56.470 --> 00:36:57.229
If that's not the case,

697
00:36:57.249 --> 00:36:59.515
don't hesitate to move a bit further in the episode,

698
00:36:59.554 --> 00:37:00.655
but don't skip yet,

699
00:37:00.737 --> 00:37:06.304
because I promise the conversation we have right at the end is really amazing and you don't want to miss it.

700
00:37:15.871 --> 00:37:32.854
you see that there are many many because there is many fruit sometimes we need to throw some here because otherwise because the people on the markets need wanted to have big fruit not small ones so it means that you need to do a little bit of that so you remove the by

701
00:37:32.900 --> 00:37:40.150
hand like this the smaller fruit and stuff especially when they are bigger you just move the branch and fall down like

702
00:37:40.635 --> 00:37:44.666
30 percent sometimes it's good enough to okay yeah

703
00:37:46.667 --> 00:37:50.667
yeah so we try different kind of plants to create biomass for example this is Eleagnos

704
00:37:51.370 --> 00:38:07.116
Ebingei which is also a fast growing bush that also fix nitrogen and when it's in flower also this produces a really nice fruit a small one when this is in has a lot of flowers you just can cut and

705
00:38:07.117 --> 00:38:10.007
it will really release the nitrogen in about

706
00:38:10.476 --> 00:38:11.991
40 days so

707
00:38:12.795 --> 00:38:23.327
If you find any fruit tree like Feijoa that can start producing like one month when you have this full of flowers,

708
00:38:23.827 --> 00:38:24.428
when you cut,

709
00:38:24.530 --> 00:38:28.327
this Feijoa will take advantage of this nitrogen.

710
00:38:28.671 --> 00:38:28.952
Okay,

711
00:38:29.030 --> 00:38:32.233
so you're planning the timing like that.

712
00:38:32.499 --> 00:38:33.702
Yeah.

713
00:38:33.749 --> 00:38:39.124
Your tree here is going to need a boost in nitrogen at a certain time in its growth period,

714
00:38:39.155 --> 00:38:40.264
and that's the perfect time to...

715
00:38:41.315 --> 00:38:46.260
To prune this one because then the nitrogen in the roots will be released.

716
00:38:46.701 --> 00:38:47.221
And also,

717
00:38:47.881 --> 00:38:50.240
I think also it's nice to go here.

718
00:38:53.670 --> 00:39:05.951
In the new tree plantations we are used to add a lot of wood chips that are from our forest and we put it here because usually trees

719
00:39:06.233 --> 00:39:10.842
love a funky soil and grasses prefer a bacterium.

720
00:39:12.308 --> 00:39:19.555
So it means that helping them to have enough fungi that can be associated to the roots,

721
00:39:19.993 --> 00:39:21.735
where these kind of wood chips,

722
00:39:22.118 --> 00:39:26.118
so it's a more stable structure in time than those.

723
00:39:26.563 --> 00:39:27.782
Now this manure,

724
00:39:28.626 --> 00:39:34.407
like this manure from the sheep is going to be added fast into the soil,

725
00:39:34.923 --> 00:39:37.579
but we here are working with long-term plants.

726
00:39:38.095 --> 00:39:38.673
So here,

727
00:39:38.939 --> 00:39:41.401
we add this kind of wood chips to help them.

728
00:39:42.342 --> 00:39:42.563
Also,

729
00:39:43.245 --> 00:39:44.385
another plant like comfrey.

730
00:39:45.206 --> 00:39:46.128
Everybody loves comfrey.

731
00:39:46.866 --> 00:39:47.686
And you just,

732
00:39:48.171 --> 00:39:52.936
comfrey helps you to get minerals from the bottom of your soil.

733
00:39:53.436 --> 00:39:55.460
And yeah,

734
00:39:56.069 --> 00:39:58.678
it can handle a lot of different kind of minerals,

735
00:39:59.038 --> 00:40:00.194
especially when it's in flower.

736
00:40:00.288 --> 00:40:02.928
Now I'm doing this too fast,

737
00:40:02.944 --> 00:40:06.850
but it adds all the minerals here.

738
00:40:06.944 --> 00:40:08.303
And then when you put it here,

739
00:40:08.767 --> 00:40:10.468
you are not only adding a mulch,

740
00:40:10.689 --> 00:40:12.710
also adding minerals into the surface.

741
00:40:13.152 --> 00:40:17.117
So in one season this will be edible for the plant.

742
00:40:21.421 --> 00:40:22.101
Here's a place,

743
00:40:22.218 --> 00:40:23.625
it's really close to the house,

744
00:40:24.140 --> 00:40:26.828
and we have different kind of cultivars that we can learn from,

745
00:40:27.609 --> 00:40:29.125
but also we included some animals.

746
00:40:29.375 --> 00:40:30.703
Now there are no more,

747
00:40:30.750 --> 00:40:37.812
but we have we had some ducks here to take care of the slugs and the snails.

748
00:40:38.271 --> 00:40:39.692
they go there to eat them.

749
00:40:40.895 --> 00:40:46.602
Actually we have to add some more because the fox decided that they didn't like them.

750
00:40:47.039 --> 00:40:47.383
But yeah,

751
00:40:47.477 --> 00:40:51.141
also we added here different kind of plants so we can learn from example this is

752
00:40:51.524 --> 00:40:57.055
Hippopairramnoides which is a shrub but you can see it's like four meters tall.

753
00:40:57.992 --> 00:40:58.617
It has a lot of

754
00:40:59.836 --> 00:41:06.539
C-vitamin. One of these fruits is about six orange fruits which is amazing.

755
00:41:06.983 --> 00:41:07.183
Also,

756
00:41:07.243 --> 00:41:08.425
we can invest in learning,

757
00:41:08.484 --> 00:41:09.086
like for example,

758
00:41:09.125 --> 00:41:09.707
from pau pau,

759
00:41:10.265 --> 00:41:11.929
which is a really old fruit tree.

760
00:41:12.008 --> 00:41:17.691
Pau pau is a kind of fruit that eats like a mix of mango and banana.

761
00:41:18.535 --> 00:41:22.058
And it prefers like acidic soils,

762
00:41:22.097 --> 00:41:23.582
but here it's quite good.

763
00:41:24.722 --> 00:41:27.457
And it's a tree that is older than the bees.

764
00:41:27.926 --> 00:41:28.847
So what does it mean?

765
00:41:28.941 --> 00:41:30.941
That it's pollinated because of flies.

766
00:41:31.441 --> 00:41:33.254
Their fruit smells really bad,

767
00:41:33.363 --> 00:41:34.832
like bad meat.

768
00:41:35.944 --> 00:41:40.269
And the flies came here and make like the cross-pillination because you need more than one variety.

769
00:41:40.968 --> 00:41:42.570
So you can have a good production.

770
00:41:43.050 --> 00:41:45.491
And also that's an amazing fruit that we can harvest here,

771
00:41:45.835 --> 00:41:47.671
but only can stand like 24 hours.

772
00:41:48.054 --> 00:41:51.702
So why is it not really well recognized in all the world?

773
00:41:51.734 --> 00:41:59.312
Because you cannot really make a lot of money from that because you need to harvest it fresh from the tree and just eat it.

774
00:42:01.984 --> 00:42:02.155
Yeah.

775
00:42:04.007 --> 00:42:10.555
Here close to the house we try to study a lot of the relations between the plants and it allows us to learn a lot.

776
00:42:10.575 --> 00:42:11.094
For example,

777
00:42:11.133 --> 00:42:13.778
we are using this kind of sage,

778
00:42:13.973 --> 00:42:14.919
which is a Roman sage,

779
00:42:15.059 --> 00:42:22.926
which can grow like more than one meter with big leaves and it can be chopped a lot to put it onto the ground,

780
00:42:23.333 --> 00:42:25.551
but also it attracts a lot of pollinators,

781
00:42:25.552 --> 00:42:26.489
so it's really interesting.

782
00:42:27.145 --> 00:42:30.786
And also we add this kind of bushes,

783
00:42:30.833 --> 00:42:32.911
but they are nitrogen fixing bushes.

784
00:42:33.563 --> 00:42:35.525
But they don't work with rhizobium,

785
00:42:35.765 --> 00:42:37.027
they work with franquia,

786
00:42:37.587 --> 00:42:41.150
which is another genera of bacteria that allows us to fix nitrogen,

787
00:42:41.650 --> 00:42:43.829
when you have less oxygen into the soil.

788
00:42:44.493 --> 00:42:44.751
Also,

789
00:42:45.134 --> 00:42:48.196
adding flowers like everybody loves that plant,

790
00:42:48.275 --> 00:42:48.876
or comfrey.

791
00:42:49.564 --> 00:42:49.860
Also,

792
00:42:50.735 --> 00:42:55.485
we have a lot of sambucus because they are fast-growing plants that we can chop and put it as a mulch.

793
00:42:56.860 --> 00:42:57.110
Also,

794
00:42:57.173 --> 00:43:01.876
we add perennial leeks everywhere because they help a lot with rosacea.

795
00:43:02.692 --> 00:43:06.964
plants like many apple trees or apricot you know and they

796
00:43:08.878 --> 00:43:19.446
move the pests away because of their flavor and it's amazing because also they reproduce really fast and you can get a lot of food just walking there and just picking.

797
00:43:20.509 --> 00:43:28.220
Yeah we harvest a lot like you only have to leave one and then you can just harvest as many as you want.

798
00:43:28.657 --> 00:43:30.704
Every day you can harvest many many of these.

799
00:43:31.017 --> 00:43:35.610
It's not like an amazing lick but it's a one that doesn't cost me anything.

800
00:43:36.438 --> 00:43:53.253
and especially if you are making sauces to sell you can add this lick instead of the bigger one and the bigger one you can sell it to the people and this is for making like really good sauces this next part is quite visual as well so i'll try to paint a picture for you we're

801
00:43:53.269 --> 00:44:04.191
standing in front of a structure that apparently dates from the second century it sort of looks like a pond that maybe two three people could fit in that's made of rock or concrete maybe

802
00:44:05.094 --> 00:44:08.517
And they use it to take baths in the summer when it's really hot.

803
00:44:08.618 --> 00:44:12.923
And it's also very useful for a lot of biodiversity to come and drink water.

804
00:44:13.642 --> 00:44:21.048
The very interesting thing is that water is being pumped up from this pond into a system with different layers.

805
00:44:21.532 --> 00:44:28.095
And on each of these layers are different plants so that they all filter the water in a different way.

806
00:44:28.438 --> 00:44:32.563
And then the water ends back into the pond and goes back on that loop.

807
00:44:32.926 --> 00:44:36.950
over and over and eventually the water becomes completely clean and pure.

808
00:44:38.352 --> 00:44:40.012
Water is important for the plants,

809
00:44:40.032 --> 00:44:41.797
for the animals and also for us,

810
00:44:41.993 --> 00:44:42.993
for human people.

811
00:44:43.657 --> 00:44:47.078
So we found this old construction,

812
00:44:47.758 --> 00:44:58.235
they told us it's from the second century and we just cleaned it because it was full of clay and a dead tree and we added these pieces of rock here to protect it,

813
00:44:58.750 --> 00:45:02.500
so no more dust or soil is going there and we have a closer...

814
00:45:02.898 --> 00:45:08.578
water cycle where the water goes to the first tank and it's being cleaned through the plants.

815
00:45:08.718 --> 00:45:21.496
We have like five water tanks and in each tank you can find a different kind of plant that creates any ecosystem process and clean the water so we can have bath times,

816
00:45:21.558 --> 00:45:23.121
especially on the summer.

817
00:45:23.496 --> 00:45:23.777
Because,

818
00:45:23.778 --> 00:45:24.042
you know,

819
00:45:24.230 --> 00:45:25.027
it's very hot here,

820
00:45:25.042 --> 00:45:29.589
it's very warm and we need to have at least a daily bath unit.

821
00:45:30.121 --> 00:45:30.324
Yeah,

822
00:45:30.511 --> 00:45:30.730
okay.

823
00:45:31.294 --> 00:45:31.474
Also,

824
00:45:31.534 --> 00:45:40.018
these points are really interesting because you can see here that a lot of animals can come here to drink or to hunt or something.

825
00:45:40.596 --> 00:45:47.565
Because you can realize how many small animals or insects come here to drink.

826
00:45:47.893 --> 00:45:48.643
Also birds,

827
00:45:49.081 --> 00:45:49.393
you know,

828
00:45:49.518 --> 00:45:51.081
flying insects came here.

829
00:45:51.518 --> 00:45:53.206
And having water,

830
00:45:53.346 --> 00:45:54.034
clean water,

831
00:45:54.315 --> 00:45:57.925
also allows biodiversity to also be...

832
00:45:59.253 --> 00:45:59.925
yeah yeah

833
00:46:00.582 --> 00:46:02.064
able to drink this water.

834
00:46:04.386 --> 00:46:08.470
This next part is about how Sergi makes his own compost tea,

835
00:46:09.228 --> 00:46:18.353
and he uses that tea to spray it onto his trees and the leaves of his plants to feed them and to protect them from pests and disease.

836
00:46:19.243 --> 00:46:19.728
We used to,

837
00:46:20.259 --> 00:46:20.415
well,

838
00:46:20.462 --> 00:46:28.556
at least three kinds of microbiology because we use trichoderma fungi to help the trees to spread their roots and take more water.

839
00:46:28.993 --> 00:46:29.978
But then we have this.

840
00:46:31.875 --> 00:46:47.886
microbiology seed that is based on rice shelf with molasses and with part of microbiology from the forest and

841
00:46:47.948 --> 00:47:00.198
we use this to make compost also we add this on the autumn in the gardens so they help us with spreading the life and also today I'm going to use that

842
00:47:00.538 --> 00:47:01.259
for the fruit trees.

843
00:47:01.540 --> 00:47:06.607
It's a mix of organic cow's manure with ashes,

844
00:47:06.689 --> 00:47:07.490
with dashed rock,

845
00:47:07.529 --> 00:47:08.310
with many things,

846
00:47:09.994 --> 00:47:10.634
also molasses,

847
00:47:10.798 --> 00:47:17.822
and we spread this to the fruit trees so they can all have more microbiology and to be more able to...

848
00:47:18.428 --> 00:47:19.369
fight against the pest.

849
00:47:19.950 --> 00:47:21.993
It's all about adding microbiology on their leaves,

850
00:47:22.973 --> 00:47:23.575
on the trench,

851
00:47:23.692 --> 00:47:24.633
also onto the soil.

852
00:47:25.036 --> 00:47:32.161
So this really accelerates the composition of the organic matter into the soil and also helps the trees to be more healthy.

853
00:47:33.082 --> 00:47:33.364
Awesome.

854
00:47:33.465 --> 00:47:35.270
How did you come up with that recipe?

855
00:47:35.301 --> 00:47:39.129
How did you find out that this was the most efficient one for your trees?

856
00:47:39.723 --> 00:47:39.911
Well,

857
00:47:39.912 --> 00:47:46.582
the thing is that we have worked with Jairo Rastrepo for many years ago and we learned from him.

858
00:47:47.096 --> 00:47:54.522
And then we have tried this several times and we realized that the trees really get advantage of that.

859
00:47:55.026 --> 00:47:57.269
So we are really comfortable using that.

860
00:47:57.909 --> 00:48:01.651
I think it's a good point just to use at least three times during the spring.

861
00:48:02.370 --> 00:48:03.237
So yes,

862
00:48:04.519 --> 00:48:05.534
we're gonna do this now.

863
00:48:07.456 --> 00:48:07.581
Okay.

864
00:48:07.582 --> 00:48:07.862
Blas Vista,

865
00:48:07.863 --> 00:48:10.222
Rachel?

866
00:48:10.237 --> 00:48:12.347
Do you want to smell it?

867
00:48:15.364 --> 00:48:16.346
Ariadne can stand that.

868
00:48:17.246 --> 00:48:18.107
But it's mellasus.

869
00:48:18.287 --> 00:48:19.650
It's like a cake.

870
00:48:20.869 --> 00:48:21.209
You see?

871
00:48:21.650 --> 00:48:23.252
It's like this is...

872
00:48:24.010 --> 00:48:27.533
You know that man that I told you that he produces organic rice?

873
00:48:27.939 --> 00:48:28.877
Yeah.

874
00:48:29.041 --> 00:48:32.447
It's the shelf of the rice.

875
00:48:33.322 --> 00:48:34.619
You can get it for free.

876
00:48:35.791 --> 00:48:41.166
We're applying this kind of microbiology but also it's mixed with dashed rock and also ashes.

877
00:48:41.603 --> 00:48:42.588
And this is because when the

878
00:48:43.244 --> 00:48:44.197
The trees make the...

879
00:48:44.988 --> 00:48:46.570
the creation of their protein,

880
00:48:46.670 --> 00:48:48.252
like their leaves and the fruit,

881
00:48:48.732 --> 00:48:50.111
sometimes they are unbalanced.

882
00:48:50.232 --> 00:48:50.474
Why?

883
00:48:50.572 --> 00:48:52.353
Because usually these micro minerals,

884
00:48:52.474 --> 00:48:53.033
like I don't know,

885
00:48:53.096 --> 00:48:56.096
magnesium or zinc or this kind of copper,

886
00:48:56.517 --> 00:48:57.658
they are inside the clay.

887
00:48:58.205 --> 00:48:58.900
And when you till,

888
00:48:58.978 --> 00:49:01.517
you break the clay and this is available for the plants.

889
00:49:01.564 --> 00:49:03.252
But what happens when you stop tilling?

890
00:49:03.767 --> 00:49:08.033
That not always you have this kind of minerals available for them.

891
00:49:08.627 --> 00:49:11.596
So just putting it through the leaves,

892
00:49:11.689 --> 00:49:13.361
it allows you to...

893
00:49:14.852 --> 00:49:34.576
yeah to be them more healthy i i don't want to say like to fight against pest but it's because it will be a more balanced tree and it grows better with uh with less damages so using this is gonna help us this also we are using instead of pruning this young tree we

894
00:49:34.654 --> 00:49:36.451
use like this kind of wire,

895
00:49:37.216 --> 00:49:37.451
you know,

896
00:49:37.498 --> 00:49:38.435
with this kind of...

897
00:49:39.279 --> 00:49:39.435
yeah,

898
00:49:40.591 --> 00:49:41.091
of this,

899
00:49:42.091 --> 00:49:42.935
and you realize that...

900
00:49:43.716 --> 00:49:59.080
if i just let this outside this will grow like this and i want like the the branches to be open so now on a spring i just do this and i put here the wire and the tree is gonna grow uh

901
00:49:59.096 --> 00:50:13.096
wider and with less energy it's gonna put less energy here so we're gonna have less growth less growth about the leaf and the but more fruit and that's amazing because i realized that now there are

902
00:50:13.224 --> 00:50:29.176
a lot of lovely techniques especially in Spain regarding syntropic agriculture and this thing that I think that's amazing but I often see that there are a lot of producers who grow a lot of biomass and a lot of leaves and

903
00:50:30.293 --> 00:50:32.465
also wood but not fruit and

904
00:50:33.122 --> 00:50:37.793
I'm sorry but we are mainly consumers of the fruit.

905
00:50:38.231 --> 00:50:40.387
I don't want that the nature is the main consumer,

906
00:50:40.434 --> 00:50:40.543
so...

907
00:50:41.024 --> 00:50:45.030
it allows me just to grow more food when I do these tricky movements,

908
00:50:45.249 --> 00:50:46.108
just a few,

909
00:50:46.530 --> 00:50:47.671
just on that time of the year,

910
00:50:47.850 --> 00:50:49.350
you just move a little bit the wires,

911
00:50:50.210 --> 00:50:52.092
and you will have more fruit for the next year.

912
00:50:52.975 --> 00:50:53.092
So,

913
00:50:53.272 --> 00:50:55.257
because the fruit of the year is already done,

914
00:50:55.577 --> 00:50:56.342
but for the next year,

915
00:50:56.702 --> 00:51:02.147
the tree will see that this branch is going under 45 degrees,

916
00:51:02.225 --> 00:51:03.507
and it will create more food.

917
00:51:03.928 --> 00:51:08.428
So we're used to talking about microbiology in the soil,

918
00:51:08.647 --> 00:51:10.257
so it makes sense to incubate.

919
00:51:10.788 --> 00:51:29.527
microbiology in your sword because it will boost this whole microbial ecosystem that works in some symbiosis with the roots of your plants and all of that but not so much about the foliage like the microbiology microbes on the foliage how does how do they help your tree grow healthy well

920
00:51:29.606 --> 00:51:35.027
they they the the microbiology in their leaves is is totally essential it's like our body we have like

921
00:51:35.371 --> 00:51:38.590
10 more cells from outside things than our

922
00:51:38.836 --> 00:51:39.357
own cells,

923
00:51:39.497 --> 00:51:40.298
that human cells.

924
00:51:40.798 --> 00:51:43.783
And the thing is that especially with the fungi,

925
00:51:44.744 --> 00:51:48.025
if there is enough microbiology here,

926
00:51:48.423 --> 00:51:50.689
they can help the plant to avoid fungi.

927
00:51:51.088 --> 00:51:52.252
And on these years,

928
00:51:53.088 --> 00:52:00.220
like this time that it's a rainy year with a lot of rain and a warm temperature during the day,

929
00:52:00.673 --> 00:52:08.158
you can have many fungi so using this allows you to avoid fungi because the microbiology will

930
00:52:08.576 --> 00:52:18.902
try to protect the leaf because they are eating one to the others you know it's like a chain of of fighting and life because it's all full of microbiology here

931
00:52:20.880 --> 00:52:21.721
Congratulations,

932
00:52:21.722 --> 00:52:22.201
my friend,

933
00:52:22.422 --> 00:52:24.965
you've made it to the very last section of this episode.

934
00:52:25.644 --> 00:52:26.164
And yeah,

935
00:52:26.226 --> 00:52:31.070
if you've made it this far and you enjoyed this episode and you enjoyed the Deep Seat podcast in general,

936
00:52:31.593 --> 00:52:34.054
don't hesitate to show me some love by clicking on the

937
00:52:34.390 --> 00:52:37.742
Deep Seat page and hitting the follow or subscribe button.

938
00:52:38.320 --> 00:52:40.961
You can also leave me a five star review that really,

939
00:52:41.226 --> 00:52:41.804
really helps.

940
00:52:42.195 --> 00:52:43.742
So thank you so much in advance.

941
00:52:43.804 --> 00:52:44.164
I really,

942
00:52:44.242 --> 00:52:45.117
really appreciate that.

943
00:52:45.867 --> 00:52:45.992
OK,

944
00:52:46.711 --> 00:52:49.054
for the very last part of this episode.

945
00:52:49.224 --> 00:52:55.124
we sat down inside with Sergi and we had a bit more of a deep personal conversation.

946
00:52:55.746 --> 00:52:58.144
It's really interesting and it's really beautiful.

947
00:52:58.183 --> 00:53:02.503
So stick around until the end and thank you again so much for listening and take care.

948
00:53:04.566 --> 00:53:08.785
What part of this lifestyle and of being a farmer do you love the most?

949
00:53:10.675 --> 00:53:14.003
I think that for me it's like a super high privilege,

950
00:53:14.503 --> 00:53:17.535
like having time to observe nature.

951
00:53:18.296 --> 00:53:27.259
For me it's a mind-blowing thing to have time to just to sit down and see what the sheep are eating,

952
00:53:28.719 --> 00:53:29.680
which is their behavior,

953
00:53:31.259 --> 00:53:36.134
how a seedling is growing and which is the shape and the movement of that plant,

954
00:53:36.227 --> 00:53:39.399
what happens when it has direct sun or no sun.

955
00:53:40.509 --> 00:53:44.509
I think that having time to do this is the thing that I really appreciate the most.

956
00:53:45.524 --> 00:53:47.602
Also my daily meat.

957
00:53:48.388 --> 00:53:49.009
My daily meal,

958
00:53:49.089 --> 00:53:49.289
sorry.

959
00:53:49.449 --> 00:53:53.011
It's like eating so good every day.

960
00:53:54.074 --> 00:53:54.355
I think

961
00:53:54.714 --> 00:53:58.956
I couldn't pay for that if I work in an office,

962
00:53:58.957 --> 00:53:59.199
you know,

963
00:53:59.558 --> 00:54:01.542
as a computer scientist,

964
00:54:01.543 --> 00:54:02.058
like working.

965
00:54:02.363 --> 00:54:02.644
I think

966
00:54:03.761 --> 00:54:06.324
I couldn't pay for that quality of food.

967
00:54:06.933 --> 00:54:16.433
And also it's something that it reminds me a lot about that healthy things are so important and also they're so...

968
00:54:17.144 --> 00:54:17.484
I don't know,

969
00:54:17.504 --> 00:54:18.886
like so easy to get.

970
00:54:19.026 --> 00:54:22.130
Like we spend a lot of time just watching movies,

971
00:54:22.610 --> 00:54:23.509
listening to music,

972
00:54:23.591 --> 00:54:30.778
like reading a lot of things or just scrolling instead of just growing a couple of lettuce and carrots and these things.

973
00:54:31.778 --> 00:54:31.997
Also,

974
00:54:32.677 --> 00:54:39.325
another thing that I really enjoy the most is like the ability of a person who's farming to imagine the future.

975
00:54:39.825 --> 00:54:41.528
Like having the vision,

976
00:54:41.888 --> 00:54:43.091
not to see what is now,

977
00:54:43.591 --> 00:54:44.950
it's what is going to be.

978
00:54:45.768 --> 00:54:52.075
And then you can find an abandoned place or really a tough region or something,

979
00:54:52.076 --> 00:54:53.235
and then you can imagine there,

980
00:54:53.317 --> 00:54:53.575
okay,

981
00:54:53.774 --> 00:54:55.118
which tree could help me?

982
00:54:55.758 --> 00:54:57.899
Which kind of grasses are we going to work?

983
00:54:58.219 --> 00:55:00.782
What kind of animal could live here better than...

984
00:55:01.750 --> 00:55:03.141
And imagine this also,

985
00:55:03.485 --> 00:55:09.688
I think that's a super ability that farmers have and that we should take care more about that,

986
00:55:10.094 --> 00:55:13.938
like putting the vision on the table.

987
00:55:14.172 --> 00:55:14.297
Yeah,

988
00:55:14.329 --> 00:55:14.922
yeah,

989
00:55:14.938 --> 00:55:15.157
daily.

990
00:55:15.484 --> 00:55:35.228
daily task yeah yeah it's that regenerative mindset also that must be amazing it feels like you have a place and you're constantly improving it yeah there's more biodiversity more ecological health you know you can you can just observe it and see it yeah and so knowing that you spend your time regenerating

991
00:55:35.540 --> 00:55:40.462
and improving life in your part of the world it must must feel quite amazing no it is

992
00:55:41.087 --> 00:55:41.525
Also,

993
00:55:41.940 --> 00:55:42.200
you know,

994
00:55:42.560 --> 00:55:46.442
the responsibility of taking care of your farm.

995
00:55:46.982 --> 00:55:47.442
Because,

996
00:55:47.603 --> 00:55:47.739
yeah,

997
00:55:48.122 --> 00:55:53.364
we have arrived here now and we don't know how much time are we going to spend on this land,

998
00:55:53.380 --> 00:55:54.919
but this land is not really ours.

999
00:55:55.583 --> 00:55:56.622
It's from the world,

1000
00:55:56.700 --> 00:55:57.583
it's from the nature.

1001
00:55:58.146 --> 00:56:03.271
So we have to take care and leave it at least better than we found it.

1002
00:56:03.927 --> 00:56:08.630
And that's something that it connects me with something bigger,

1003
00:56:08.786 --> 00:56:11.099
like the importance of being part.

1004
00:56:12.260 --> 00:56:14.481
of nature and the things that you're seeing,

1005
00:56:14.500 --> 00:56:16.602
like doing your best in the world.

1006
00:56:17.680 --> 00:56:25.321
I believe that there's only one life here and I want that many things live because I've lived.

1007
00:56:26.344 --> 00:56:31.399
And that's a difference because I remember just watching one time when a man says,

1008
00:56:32.946 --> 00:56:37.492
through many years the ecological movement has been based on

1009
00:56:39.138 --> 00:56:40.998
having less footprint on Earth,

1010
00:56:41.199 --> 00:56:42.720
like having less damage.

1011
00:56:43.201 --> 00:56:43.599
And for me it's,

1012
00:56:43.638 --> 00:56:43.759
no,

1013
00:56:43.798 --> 00:56:43.920
no,

1014
00:56:44.021 --> 00:56:47.084
I don't want to have the less footprint.

1015
00:56:47.240 --> 00:56:47.357
No,

1016
00:56:47.358 --> 00:56:47.482
no,

1017
00:56:47.521 --> 00:56:48.521
I want the biggest

1018
00:56:49.123 --> 00:56:49.459
I can,

1019
00:56:49.857 --> 00:56:50.943
but in a positive way.

1020
00:56:51.545 --> 00:56:51.857
You know,

1021
00:56:52.341 --> 00:56:54.802
there's always time to graft a new tree,

1022
00:56:54.974 --> 00:56:55.865
to plant a seed,

1023
00:56:56.287 --> 00:56:57.724
to put something there,

1024
00:56:58.677 --> 00:56:59.318
a new life.

1025
00:57:00.005 --> 00:57:02.037
And for me it's just an impressive thing that

1026
00:57:02.709 --> 00:57:07.271
I don't know if there are any other occupations that could

1027
00:57:07.742 --> 00:57:10.625
give you a similar feeling.

1028
00:57:11.346 --> 00:57:11.748
I don't know.

1029
00:57:12.146 --> 00:57:13.068
At least I don't know them.

1030
00:57:16.912 --> 00:57:21.818
What's one really big mistake that you made somewhere along the way,

1031
00:57:21.959 --> 00:57:24.365
where something you tried that didn't work out?

1032
00:57:26.568 --> 00:57:26.725
Well,

1033
00:57:26.740 --> 00:57:28.506
I think I've made many,

1034
00:57:28.537 --> 00:57:29.209
many mistakes.

1035
00:57:31.459 --> 00:57:31.693
But

1036
00:57:32.786 --> 00:57:34.108
That's a little bit insane,

1037
00:57:34.147 --> 00:57:41.116
but maybe for me one of my biggest mistakes is our kitchen's location.

1038
00:57:43.553 --> 00:57:50.780
Because we decided to build it on the north face of the main building,

1039
00:57:52.139 --> 00:57:56.124
and I really love to cook and to work with food.

1040
00:57:56.577 --> 00:57:58.686
So I spent many hours there.

1041
00:57:59.670 --> 00:58:02.202
And having the kitchen

1042
00:58:03.066 --> 00:58:04.047
north-oriented,

1043
00:58:04.508 --> 00:58:07.571
it doesn't allow you to have many direct sun,

1044
00:58:08.454 --> 00:58:11.250
and also you don't see the people who's coming to your house.

1045
00:58:11.774 --> 00:58:20.063
And I really enjoy that people come to our house and start to have a conversation while cooking with good light in a big space.

1046
00:58:21.766 --> 00:58:31.438
And I think that's something behind the people who designs buildings or that they should put the food into the center of the designer.

1047
00:58:32.062 --> 00:58:32.362
You know,

1048
00:58:32.643 --> 00:58:42.076
now I also hear that there are some flats in London that are the ones that even they don't have any kitchen because you can buy everything already cooked.

1049
00:58:42.474 --> 00:58:42.810
And for me,

1050
00:58:42.834 --> 00:58:43.490
that's insane.

1051
00:58:43.873 --> 00:58:47.294
We need to put like the life in the center.

1052
00:58:48.560 --> 00:58:49.404
That's one of these.

1053
00:58:49.576 --> 00:59:00.388
Other thought that comes to my mind is also understanding that these projects attracts a lot of people.

1054
00:59:01.666 --> 00:59:04.347
and everyone is going to leave their footprint,

1055
00:59:04.507 --> 00:59:06.506
but this life is also,

1056
00:59:07.709 --> 00:59:10.150
it's like a long-term race.

1057
00:59:10.611 --> 00:59:15.806
So it means that you have to really be in love with the things that you are doing.

1058
00:59:16.431 --> 00:59:20.564
If you feel that farming is like eight or ten hours daily work,

1059
00:59:20.908 --> 00:59:21.908
it's not going to work.

1060
00:59:23.205 --> 00:59:30.595
This is your life and there's no difference between the hours related of working and the hours related to

1061
00:59:31.775 --> 00:59:33.736
the cares of the people and yourself.

1062
00:59:33.976 --> 00:59:34.258
Like,

1063
00:59:35.658 --> 00:59:36.338
could be Sunday,

1064
00:59:36.478 --> 00:59:37.060
Saturday,

1065
00:59:37.482 --> 00:59:37.881
I don't know,

1066
00:59:38.041 --> 00:59:38.400
any day,

1067
00:59:38.623 --> 00:59:40.701
I have to manage the cattle,

1068
00:59:41.466 --> 00:59:45.568
we need to prune a tree if something happen at night and there is one branch broken.

1069
00:59:46.045 --> 00:59:51.670
So you have to be really involved because if you have the feeling that it's only a work,

1070
00:59:52.498 --> 00:59:53.154
it's not gonna work.

1071
00:59:53.388 --> 00:59:53.513
No,

1072
00:59:53.935 --> 00:59:54.060
no,

1073
00:59:54.810 --> 00:59:55.779
it's a lifestyle,

1074
00:59:55.935 --> 00:59:56.216
totally,

1075
00:59:56.545 --> 00:59:56.654
yeah.

1076
00:59:57.610 --> 01:00:05.999
And I think that's a problem for some new generations who expect to work as a pharmacist only with a closed timetable,

1077
01:00:06.117 --> 01:00:06.421
you know,

1078
01:00:06.742 --> 01:00:08.023
and it's hard.

1079
01:00:08.359 --> 01:00:11.406
You can have some schedule and hours,

1080
01:00:11.460 --> 01:00:12.726
but also it depends a lot.

1081
01:00:13.046 --> 01:00:17.484
We work really less during winter and we work more on spring.

1082
01:00:17.968 --> 01:00:18.546
So also,

1083
01:00:18.859 --> 01:00:19.171
people say,

1084
01:00:19.406 --> 01:00:20.906
when are you starting work?

1085
01:00:21.156 --> 01:00:22.249
Depending on the winter,

1086
01:00:22.312 --> 01:00:24.953
I could start at 10 or at 11 in the morning because...

1087
01:00:26.106 --> 01:00:32.271
Before it's all frozen and now in the summer at six in the morning we are already in the garden.

1088
01:00:33.255 --> 01:00:33.392
Yeah,

1089
01:00:33.474 --> 01:00:34.013
so yeah.

1090
01:00:35.052 --> 01:00:36.857
And you are part of the

1091
01:00:37.216 --> 01:00:37.474
EARA.

1092
01:00:37.935 --> 01:00:40.677
Yeah. How has that experience been so far?

1093
01:00:41.927 --> 01:00:42.115
Wow,

1094
01:00:42.177 --> 01:00:43.037
I'm super excited.

1095
01:00:43.490 --> 01:00:45.724
I have goosebumps now when you were asking about EARA.

1096
01:00:46.490 --> 01:00:52.052
Because I feel quite alone doing these things,

1097
01:00:52.240 --> 01:00:52.537
you know.

1098
01:00:55.098 --> 01:01:00.701
Also it's hard to share but when you are doing this kind of agriculture,

1099
01:01:01.619 --> 01:01:11.521
now yeah you can see many documentaries and many farmers around the world and on YouTube and Instagram and now it's a lot of people doing but

1100
01:01:11.880 --> 01:01:17.224
12 years ago I didn't find nobody around me and also

1101
01:01:18.162 --> 01:01:21.802
I saw that there are many like famous farmers who's amazing but

1102
01:01:23.686 --> 01:01:36.300
I need the feeling of being part of a community and sharing with people that have the same problems and the same solutions or they want to find the same solutions as we are doing.

1103
01:01:36.980 --> 01:01:40.175
So it's not like the famous agriculture.

1104
01:01:40.582 --> 01:01:41.488
It's people like us,

1105
01:01:41.582 --> 01:01:42.160
like you and me,

1106
01:01:42.582 --> 01:01:46.363
that we can have a coffee or a tea just talking about our problems.

1107
01:01:46.972 --> 01:01:51.035
And I think it's so important to be part of something bigger.

1108
01:01:51.941 --> 01:01:52.753
And also when you

1109
01:01:53.959 --> 01:01:57.147
start talking to the other people and realize that

1110
01:01:58.282 --> 01:02:00.164
They are having quite similar problems.

1111
01:02:00.224 --> 01:02:05.649
It's the way that we can all join and ask for changes in a bigger scale.

1112
01:02:06.653 --> 01:02:09.614
Because we all love our work,

1113
01:02:09.949 --> 01:02:14.965
but we also need to invest in time to change things.

1114
01:02:16.043 --> 01:02:23.965
I don't know if people really can imagine how hard it is to go against some non-natural rules.

1115
01:02:24.340 --> 01:02:24.606
You know,

1116
01:02:24.653 --> 01:02:26.996
there are some natural patterns which are not allowed.

1117
01:02:28.099 --> 01:02:30.341
And it doesn't have any sense.

1118
01:02:30.481 --> 01:02:31.882
Like we need to mix,

1119
01:02:32.604 --> 01:02:34.726
to feel with other people,

1120
01:02:34.804 --> 01:02:38.272
to start talking and then try to change things in a bigger scale.

1121
01:02:39.210 --> 01:02:39.554
Yeah.

1122
01:02:39.555 --> 01:02:39.671
OK,

1123
01:02:39.851 --> 01:02:42.515
so the two really key important points you mentioned,

1124
01:02:42.569 --> 01:02:44.272
one is the sense of being part of a community,

1125
01:02:44.397 --> 01:02:51.679
just knowing that you have all of these other farmers all around Europe who are facing similar challenges to yourself,

1126
01:02:51.835 --> 01:02:54.288
being able to exchange ideas and experiences.

1127
01:02:54.679 --> 01:02:55.413
That's a big part.

1128
01:02:55.414 --> 01:02:56.991
And the other part is trying to lobby.

1129
01:02:57.558 --> 01:02:59.079
for legislation changes.

1130
01:02:59.440 --> 01:02:59.560
Yeah.

1131
01:02:59.700 --> 01:02:59.921
Right?

1132
01:03:00.280 --> 01:03:00.562
Yeah.

1133
01:03:00.563 --> 01:03:08.888
If you could pick one or two key points in the laws that you would really change tomorrow and you think it would make the world a better place,

1134
01:03:09.411 --> 01:03:10.349
your life better for sure,

1135
01:03:10.372 --> 01:03:11.630
but like a better place,

1136
01:03:11.692 --> 01:03:12.950
what would you pick?

1137
01:03:14.067 --> 01:03:23.083
I think to let the people to be able easily to have animals integrated in their vegetables production.

1138
01:03:23.708 --> 01:03:26.692
I think that there's not anything more powerful than

1139
01:03:27.178 --> 01:03:28.480
animals mixing plants.

1140
01:03:29.281 --> 01:03:34.367
Because plants don't work without animals and animals don't exist without plants.

1141
01:03:34.624 --> 01:03:35.566
Even human beings,

1142
01:03:35.589 --> 01:03:36.964
we don't exist with these things.

1143
01:03:37.331 --> 01:03:45.824
So I think we must make this really affordable and easy for the people to add animals.

1144
01:03:46.480 --> 01:03:46.683
Here,

1145
01:03:46.684 --> 01:03:47.105
for example,

1146
01:03:47.120 --> 01:03:56.511
when you ask for adding some animals into your farm you have to check the distance about at least two kilometers

1147
01:03:57.010 --> 01:03:59.372
from other farms that have animals.

1148
01:04:01.173 --> 01:04:02.216
But for me,

1149
01:04:02.217 --> 01:04:03.517
it doesn't have any sense.

1150
01:04:03.575 --> 01:04:03.876
Like,

1151
01:04:04.278 --> 01:04:04.458
yeah,

1152
01:04:04.536 --> 01:04:07.743
I know that there are some amount of animals that the farm can have,

1153
01:04:08.345 --> 01:04:08.962
and we cannot,

1154
01:04:09.142 --> 01:04:14.681
maybe in some points we cannot increase more than that because of sustainability or whatever.

1155
01:04:16.134 --> 01:04:21.087
But every farm should have at least one kind of animal to help to manage the ecosystem.

1156
01:04:21.212 --> 01:04:22.853
And I think this is one of the key points that

1157
01:04:23.509 --> 01:04:23.931
I try,

1158
01:04:24.743 --> 01:04:25.806
I realize that it's quite...

1159
01:04:26.862 --> 01:04:27.463
quite difficult.

1160
01:04:27.844 --> 01:04:28.044
Yeah.

1161
01:04:28.405 --> 01:04:28.787
Amazing.

1162
01:04:28.886 --> 01:04:29.527
Thank you so much.

1163
01:04:29.747 --> 01:04:30.269
You're welcome.